Buffer

A digital buffer (or a voltage buffer) is an electronic circuit element that is used to isolate the input from the output, providing either no voltage or a voltage that is same as the input voltage. It draws very little current and will not disturb the original circuit. It is also called as unity gain buffer or a because it provides a gain of 1, which means it provides at most the same voltage as the input voltage, serving no amplification function.




Usage of buffer in Physical Design

1. Setup Violation fixes
2. Hold Violation fixes
3. Max Trans Violation Fixes
4. xtalk reduction

Inrush Current

Inrush current, input surge current or switch-on surge is the maximum, instantaneous input current drawn by an electrical device when first turned on. Alternating current electric motors and transformers may draw several times their normal full-load current when first energized, for a few cycles of the input waveform. Power converters also often have inrush currents much higher than their steady state currents, due to the charging current of the input capacitance. The selection of overcurrent protection devices such as fuses and circuit breakers is made more complicated when high inrush currents must be tolerated. The overcurrent protection must react quickly to overload or short circuit faults but must not interrupt the circuit when the (usually harmless) inrush current flows.

How to calculate Inrush Current?

Source:- Wikipedia